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In this video, Purity Products’ President Jahn Levin talks about Amazing Oranges and its energy supporting benefits.
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This is part of our ongoing The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging spotlight. Each day, we will be posting some of the great information that’s packed into our book, The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging.
Today’s topic:
More on Pycnogenol
Happy Blood Vessels and Well-Supported Peripheral Circulation
The circulation in the lower limbs can be effected over time as a result of free radical damage to the walls and valves of healthy arteries and veins. This may result in inefficient flow through these vessels back to the heart and throughout the body. The supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues may be disrupted and affecting the body’s natural healing abilities.
Pycnogenol’s antioxidants absorb and quench free radical electrons with great efficiency and can vastly maintain the resistance of small blood vessels and capillaries throughout the body to oxidative damage. The results of human clinical trials published recently in Angiology4 and Clinical Applications in Thrombosis and Hemostasis5 showed clear improvements in the ability of veins to expand and dilate, and blood flow and nutrient delivery to the lower legs with the consumption of 50 mg of Pycnogenol three times daily for 4 to 6 weeks.
Further research shows that dietary supplementation with 150 mg of Pycnogenol daily promotes optimal microcirculation in capillary networks of the lower legs in men and women.6 A recently published study also found that taking 200 mg of Pycnogenol daily was effective for reducing muscle cramps in healthy adults who experienced occasional cramps while consuming placebo.7 These researchers yet again confirmed previous findings that consuming Pycnogenol daily facilitates healthy blood flow and nutrient supply throughout the body.
Stay Healthy in the Air
Prolonged air travel has been associated with cardiovascular issues caused by inactivity (sitting in one place for extended periods of time) and dehydration.8 Compression of veins by the edge of a seat could contribute to slowing of venous return of blood to the heart and pooling of fluid in the lower legs. Dehydration in an aircraft cabin also can cause some swelling in the lower legs. The inability to move freely combined with the subnormal air pressure and oxygen content within an airplane can also interfere with healthy circulation. Long airplane flights are especially concerning because of their prolonged nature and potential to have a greater impact on cardiovascular health.
Effective preventive measures while traveling include standing and stretching exercises, drinking copious amounts of water, and avoidance of tightly-fitting clothes, salty foods and alcoholic beverages.
Dietary supplementation with Pycnogenol, which is rich in veno-supportive nutrients, can be highly beneficial. The results of a placebo-controlled clinical trial published recently in Clinical Applications in Thrombosis and Hemostasis suggest that every traveler should add Pycnogenol to their travel preparations. In this study, 200 mg of Pycnogenol or of placebo were consumed 2 to 3 hours before take-off and again after 6 hours in the air.8 As opposed to the placebo, Pycnogenol was found to be highly supportive of venous circulation during the flights – an indication that Pycnogenol promoted circulation while supporting healthy vascular function within the adverse environment of an aircraft at high altitude for many hours.
Pay Attention, Please!
Several studies in recent years have looked at Pycnogenol’s ability to support cognitive function, mood, and attention and concentration. A double-blind, placebo controlled pilot study was conducted in which 61 children aged six to fourteen years were given a daily dosage of 1 mg of Pycnogenol per kilogram body weight or a placebo for four weeks.9 The researchers found that Pycnogenol intake for one month significantly enhanced concentration and attentiveness in these children. Scientists have suggested that these effects may be due to the antioxidant activity of Pycnogenol and may also be a result of Pycnogenol’s ability to enhance the production of nitric oxide, a molecule that supports increased circulation through arteries and veins, thus making it easier for nutrients to reach organs and systems, including brain tissue. In fact, further research on Pycnogenol in children found that the same dose (1 mg per kilogram body weight) given over a one-month period increased total antioxidant status and was able to induce a highly significant increase in the level of reduced to oxidized glutathione in the blood.10 As is widely known, glutathione is one of the most abundant antioxidants in cells throughout the body. What is interesting is that research shows that the lower the intracellular glutathione concentrations go, the faster cells (and hence tissues!) age. Glutathione is the key antioxidant protector of proteins, fats and DNA in cells. Maintaining glutathione concentrations in cells is critical for healthy aging. Even more important is ensuring that there is a healthy balance of the reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione. The reduced form is crucial for glutathione’s free-radical scavenging capability. Pycnogenol recycles glutathione and keeps more of it in the free-radical attacking reduced form.
Pycnogenol also has shown the ability to support memory function in the elderly. A study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology highlighted research looking into the effects of Pycnogenol supplementation over a three-month period on cognitive function and memory.11 In this placebo-controlled trial, healthy elderly individuals were asked to take Pycnogenol at a daily dose of 150 mg per day or placebo. The results of the trial showed significant benefits in memory function in the Pycnogenol group after 3 months, indicating Pycnogenol’s beneficial effect on cognitive function. Once again, researchers attribute this benefit of Pycnogenol to its powerful antioxidant functions and its ability to protect brain cells from free radical damage.
Tree Bark and Human Health – Strong Links
Pycnogenol – the unique water extract from the French maritime pine tree – has numerous tonic effects for the human body. This well-researched product deserves to be included as a core component of everyone’s health and wellness armamentarium. Pycnogenol reinforces the establishment of a healthy balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity throughout the body. By doing so, Pycnogenol is a strong and potent ally of visual health, vascular health, immune wellness and in the management of the inflammatory response, cognitive function and memory, and as a key nutrient for Healthy Aging.
Next Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging topic:
Phytosterols, Cholesterol and Healthy Hearts
References:
4. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Venous ulcers: Microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with local use of Pycnogenol. Angiology 2005;56:699-705.
5. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Comparison of Pycnogenol and Daflon in treating chronic venous insufficiency: A prospective, controlled study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2006;12:205- 212.
6. G. Belcaro, M. R. Cesarone, B. M. Errichi, A. Ledda, A. Di Renzo, S. Stuard, M. Dugall, L. Pellegrini, G. Gizzi, P. Rohdewald, E. Ippolito, A. Ricci, M. Cacchio, G. Cipollone, I. Ruffini, F. Fano, M. Hosoi. Diabetic ulcers: Microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with Pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hem 2006;12:318-323.
7. Vinciguerra G, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Rohdewald P, Stuard S, Ricci A, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Dugall M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Acerbi G, Fano F. Cramps and muscular pain: Prevention with pycnogenol in normal subjects, venous patients, athletes, claudicants and in diabetic microangiopathy. Angiology 2006;57:331-339.
8. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ippolito E, Scoccianti M, Ricci A, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Acerbi G, Vinciguerra MG, Bavera P, Di Renzo A, Errichi BM, Mucci F. Prevention of edema in long flights with Pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2005;11:289-294.
9. Trebatická J, Kopasová S, Hradecná Z, Cinovský K, Skodácek I, Suba J, Muchová J, Zitnanová I, Waczulíková I, Rohdewald P, Duracková Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15(6):329-35.
10. Dvoráková M, Sivonová M, Trebatická J, Skodácek I, Waczuliková I, Muchová J, Duracková Z. The effect of polyphenolic extract from pine bark, Pycnogenol on the level of glutathione in children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Redox Rep. 2006;11(4):163-72.
11. Ryan J, Croft K, Mori T, Wesnes K, Spong J, Downey L, Kure C, Lloyd J, Stough C. An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population. J Psychopharmacol. 2008;22(5):553-62.
In this video, Purity Products advisor Dr. Neil Levin discusses the importance and many health benefits of OmegaBerry Fish Oil.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvSU-Ce3b6Q
This is part of our ongoing The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging spotlight. Each day, we will be posting some of the great information that’s packed into our book, The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging.
Today’s topic:
Pycnogenol Maintains Strong Antioxidant Protection and Vision
Enormous numbers of free radicals are produced within the eye (especially the retina) during the chemical conversion of light to sight. If free radical production remains unopposed, the normal processes of vision can lead to free radical overload, causing damage to the retina and cornea, which are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage. For this reason, structural components of the eyes are naturally rich in antioxidant nutrients. Often, these antioxidant stores may decline with normal aging, leading to changes in eye health. Pycnogenol’s antioxidant abilities serve as an important buttress by shielding the eyes from the effects of excessive oxidative stress.
In research published recently in the Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, supplemental Pycnogenol increased the activities of several antioxidant enzymes within the retinas of rats whose eyes were in a highly oxidizing environment.3 Since Pycnogenol was effective in animals. It is likely that Pycnogenol will also have protective properties in healthy humans. Previous research had shown that Pycnogenol protected fat molecules within the retina from oxidation by the free radicals produced during the visual cycle. By supporting retinal health, Pycnogenol® was shown to be a very powerful promoter of healthy eyes. In fact, research shows that dietary supplementation with 50 mg of Pycnogenol three times daily enhances retinal function and promotes visual acuity in the eyes of adult men and women, thus supporting healthy ocular function.
Next Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging topic:
More on Pycnogenol
References:
3. Dene BA, Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd. Effects of antioxidant treatment on normal and diabetic rat retinal enzyme activities. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:28-35.
This is part of our ongoing The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging spotlight. Each day, we will be posting some of the great information that’s packed into our book, The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging.
Today’s topic:
A Word about Black Tea
Black and green teas are both derived from the same plant. Black tea is produced by fermenting tea leaves. Thus the catechins that are present in green tea are fermented to theaflavins in black tea. Theaflavins have been studied recently and found to have unique beneficial effect for cardiovascular health that go beyond the effects shown by catechins. While catechins may be more potent as antioxidants, the theaflavins support the cardiovascular system by enhancing endothelial health. A recent study found that green tea and black tea are equally effective in supporting blood vessel vasodilation and nitric oxide (NO) production.35 Theaflavins also have potential liver-protective properties. A study found that theaflavins prevented the accumulation of lipids in the liver, suppressed the synthesis of fatty acids and stimulated fat breakdown in both laboratory and animal experiments, indicating an ability to support fat metabolism and promote liver health.36
Furthermore, theaflavins may help with maintaining cholesterol levels that are already in the normal range.37 A theaflavin-enriched green tea extract was administered to 240 adult men and women in a placebo-controlled study conducted in China. The researchers found that the theaflavin-enriched green tea combination was significantly more effective than the placebo pill at supporting normal cholesterol levels when given in conjunction with a low-fat diet plan. Thus, while green tea catechins are highly beneficial, theaflavins from black tea are important compounds with cardio-protective properties.
Next Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging topic:
More on Pycnogenol
References:
35. Lorenz M, Urban J, Engelhardt U, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V. Green and black tea are equally potent stimuli of NO production and vasodilation: new insights into tea ingredients involved. Basic Res Cardiol 2009;104(1):100-10.
36. Lin CL, Huang HC, Lin JK. Theaflavins attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation through activating AMPK in human HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res 2007;48(11):2334-43.
37. Maron DJ, Lu GP, Cai NS, Wu ZG, Li YH, Chen H, Zhu JQ, Jin XJ, Wouters BC, Zhao J. Cholesterol-lowering effect of a theaflavinenriched green tea extract: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2003;163(12):1448-53.
This is part of our ongoing The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging spotlight. Each day, we will be posting some of the great information that’s packed into our book, The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging.
Today’s topic:
Tea Optimizes Oral Health
Wouldn’t it be great if something you put into your mouth actually made it healthier? Look no further – just drink green tea. The phytonutrients in teas, especially green teas, are partially absorbed through the soft tissues of the oral cavity and “attach” to every surface, including the surfaces of the teeth. Research has shown that tea phytonutrients keep tooth surfaces clean and healthy and the tiny amount of fluoride in tea helps strengthen tooth enamel.33 Even more impressively, a study using hamsters showed that consuming tea enhanced dental health and tooth integrity.34 The composition of human teeth and hamster teeth is similar – so when it comes to a healthy mouth, tea consumption appears to have great potential.
There can be no doubt – for good health and healthy aging, green tea and green tea catechins are among your strongest allies.
Next Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging topic:
A Word about Black Tea
References:
33. Yu, H., Oho, T., Xu, L. X. Effects of several tea components on acid resistance of human tooth enamel. J Dent 1995;13:101-105.
34. Linke HA, LeGeros RZ. Black tea extract and dental caries formation in hamsters. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2003;54:89-95.
We’ve recently released a brand new product, Ultimate Sleep™ Plus Melatonin.
Ultimate Sleep™ Plus Melatonin is yet another advancement in science of supporting healthy sleep via natural ingredients. Ultimate Sleep™ Plus Melatonin is a triple action formula with Suntheanine, Lactium, and Melatonin designed to help people fall asleep faster, sleep more soundly, and awaken revitalized. Both Lactium and Suntheanine have been well researched separately in dozens of clinical studies with statistically significant results.
You can read our press release here:
Purity Products Releases Ultimate Sleep Plus Melatonin
This is part of our ongoing The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging spotlight. Each day, we will be posting some of the great information that’s packed into our book, The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging.
Today’s topic:
Tea Helps Keep Healthy Kidneys Healthy
The kidneys are major organs involved in filtering and eliminating toxins from the body and preserving electrolytes and water. The correct performance of these functions is essential to life and critical to health and wellbeing. Green tea can help support the health of these essential organs.
Excellent scientific research vouches for the benefits your kidneys derive from tea. In a landmark study of 81,093 women who were 40 to 65 years of age when the study began in 1986 (part of the Nurses’ Health Study), the investigators found that every cup of either caffeinated or decaffeinated tea consumed daily progressively enhanced the maintenance of healthy kidney function.31 An earlier study in men had found a similar per-cup enhancement in kidney health.32
These findings mean that drinking a cup of green tea at every meal can be a wise choice for individuals looking to support healthy kidney function and those interested in prevention. The findings also mean that drinking 5 or 6 glasses of tea daily could be extremely beneficial. Likewise, since the benefits of tea for kidney health are probably due as much to the phytonutrients in tea as to the associated increase in water consumption, adding a dietary supplement containing the catechin equivalent of 48 ounces of tea (about 1000 mg total catechins) may yield significant benefits for healthy kidneys.
Next Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging topic:
Tea Optimizes Oral Health
References:
31. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. Beverage use and risk of kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:534-540.
32. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ. Prospective study of beverage use and the risk of kidney stones. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:240-247.
This is part of our ongoing The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging spotlight. Each day, we will be posting some of the great information that’s packed into our book, The Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging.
Today’s topic:
Drink Tea to Keep that Belly in Line
In men and women, the degree of body fat, whether expressed as percent body fat or the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference, tends to decrease as green tea intake increases.22 Green tea contributes to the maintenance of healthy body weight in several ways.
One of the least appreciated properties of green tea is its ability to limit the absorption of the fat taken in from the diet. Green tea catechins (especially EGCG) interfere with the lipase (fat-digesting) enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. The resulting incomplete digestion of fats produces some lipid droplets that are not able to enter intestinal cells and that therefore remain unabsorbed. These effects have produced significant decreases in the absorption of dietary fats by rats consuming green tea. While it is not known how effective green tea is in blocking fat absorption in humans, any interference with the normally highly efficient digestion and absorption of dietary fats could figure prominently in any effort to manage weight effectively.
In addition to decreasing the efficiency of absorption of fatty acids from the diet, green tea catechins interfere with the production of fat for storage in adipose tissue depots. Green tea leaf extract rich in EGCG, as well as purified EGCG itself, reduces the activity of fatty acid synthase, the enzyme that controls how rapidly the body produces fat for storage. This effect is consistent with a body of literature reviewed recently in the journal Molecular Nutrition and Food Research that shows how EGCG inhibits new fat formation (“lipogenesis”) and fat storage within adipocytes.23 Tea helps to absorb less fat from the diet and can directly interfere with the storage of fat in adipocytes, a dual mechanism for supporting healthy body weight.
The dominant green tea catechin, EGCG, also entices the body to shift some of its manner of producing energy from glucoseburning to fat-burning. There are two ways to accomplish this and EGCG seems to do both. First, if the amount of glucose available to tissues, especially the skeletal muscles, is reduced, then more fat must be metabolized to carbon dioxide and water in order to satisfy energy needs. During times when glucose is in short supply, the liver synthesizes glucose from a variety of precursors, including amino acids released by muscle cells. The first enzyme in this synthetic (“gluconeogenic”) pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), is inhibited by EGCG. Blocking this enzyme reduces the rate of formation of new glucose, requiring cells to switch to burning fat for energy.
In an example of exquisite biochemical coordination, EGCG also stimulates the conversion of fatty acids to energy. In cell culture studies, EGCG has increased the rate of utilization of fatty acid breakdown products instead of glucose to produce energy. In a series of experiments, mice, often studied because the way they obtain energy is pretty much the same as the way humans do, have responded to the addition of catechin-rich green tea extract to a high-fat diet with less weight gain and less fat accumulation within their bodies than mice fed the same high-fat diet but not fed catechins, despite eating just as much. This phenomenon has been studied in depth. In a recent study dietary supplementation of exercising mice with tea catechins forced skeletal muscles to switch from using their glycogen reserves as energy sources to increasing their reliance on burning fats from adipose depots.24 This “switch” is so reproducible that the researchers can predict when it will happen. The powerful phytonutrients (catechins) in green tea and green tea extract can recruit muscles to help stored fat get used up faster!
In humans, such a shift from glucose-burning to fat-burning will be seen as an increase in heat production (or thermogenesis). In a convincing demonstration of the fat-burning, thermogenic effects of green tea catechins, 24-hour heat production was measured in healthy lean to overweight young men during days in which they remained essentially at rest and consumed identical diets, no caffeine-containing foods or beverages, and either a placebo, 150 mg of caffeine alone or 150 mg of caffeine plus 270 mg of EGCG and 105 mg of other mixed catechins.25 These investigators observed that the consumption of placebo or 150 mg of supplemental caffeine alone during a 12-hour period failed to affect the utilization of fat or glucose to supply energy. In contrast, the consumption of green tea catechins during a 12-hour period increased same-day 24-hour total energy expenditure and heat production. This increase in energy usage was caused by increased fat-burning and decreased use of glucose for fuel.
Because under the conditions of this experiment all energy expenditure was essentially “resting” energy expenditure, the catechin-induced increase in resting energy expenditure reflects enhanced thermogenesis. That is, more heat production as a “byproduct” of energy production. Since increased heat production to satisfy the same energy demand means that the efficiency of energy production decreased, more stored energy needed to be “burned” – accelerating the rate at which energy stored in fat depots would become depleted. Of course, as stored fat becomes depleted, both body weight and fat depot size decrease.
The increase in fat utilization in this experiment, which was minimized by keeping the subjects in a “resting” state, could result in the loss of one pound of excess body weight in 1 to 2 months and a loss of 6 to 12 pounds in a year. Consistent with this rough prediction, overweight adults consuming 270 mg of EGCG daily for 3 months experienced an average loss of 4.6% of total body weight, with an average decrease in waist circumference of 4.5%.26 This thermogenic effect of green tea catechins, when combined with a healthy diet and exercise, could be extremely beneficial for those looking to support weight management efforts.
Beneficial results also were obtained in a “gold standard,” randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, published recently in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.27 In this study healthy men supplemented their diets with either 22 mg or 690 mg of total catechins daily for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the men who were consuming 690 mg of total catechins daily had lost more weight, more inches off their waist, more total body fat and more abdominal fat.
What about Stress and Abdominal Fat?
A growing body of evidence indicates that in both men and women, stress and mood issues are associated with increased abdominal fat storage and a larger waistline. How is stress and belly fat connected?
Stress can increase the secretion of a hormone called cortisol. This hormone increases the rate of fat accumulation by abdominal fat cells. Even among healthy individuals, repeated episodes of stress-related cortisol secretion is implicated in increased abdominal fat.28
What Can Green Tea Do About It?
Green tea contains an unusual amino acid – L-theanine. This amino acid comprises up to 2.5% of the total dry weight of unfermented green tea leaves, is absorbed efficiently and can enter the brain from the blood. Within the brain, L-theanine exerts relaxing physiologic effects. In so doing, L-theanine may act to reduce perceptions of stress with possible beneficial effects on abdominal fat formation. For example, mice fed L-theanine have gained less weight and accumulated less abdominal fat.29,30 By supporting the body’s stress response, green tea and green tea extracts containing L-theanine can make important contributions to healthy weight maintenance.
Next Best Kept Secrets to Healthy Aging topic:
Tea Helps Keep Healthy Kidneys Healthy
References:
22. Wu CH, Lu FH, Chang CS, Chang TC, Wang RH, Chang CJ. Relationship among habitual tea consumption, percent body fat, and body fat distribution. Obes Res 2003;11:1088-1095.
23. Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F. Anti-obesity effects of green tea: From bedside to bench. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50:176-187.
24. Murase T, Haramizu S, Shimotoyodome A, Tokimitsu I, Hase T. Green tea extract improves running endurance in mice by stimulating lipid utilization during exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006;290:R1550-R1556.
25. Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D, Girardier L, Mensi N, Fathi M, Chantre P, Vandermander J. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:1040-1045.
26. Chantre P, Lairon D. Recent findings of green tea extract AR25 (Exolise) and its activity for the treatment of obesity. Phytomedicine 2002;9:3-8.
27. Nagao T, Komine Y, Soga S, Meguro S, Hase T, Tanaka Y, Tokimitsu I. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:122-129.
28. Rosmond R, Dallman MF, Bjorntorp P. Stress-related cortisol secretion in men: Relationships with abdominal obesity and endocrine, metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:1853-1859.
29. Juneja LR, Chu D-C, Okubo T, Nagato Y, Yokogoshi H. L-theanine, a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Trends Food Sci Technol 1999;10:199-204.
30. Zheng G, Sayama K, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Oguni I. Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, in mice. In Vivo 2004;18:55-62.
Read here how the Chicago Blackhawks’ team physicians are using vitamin d to help their players:
http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/newsletter/vitamin-d-and-the-chicago-blackhawks.shtml
Could it have helped them win the Stanley Cup?
Purity Products Nutritional News and Insights